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渣漿泵產品發展趨勢與概況設計

(1) 概述
  渣漿泵廣泛地應用于冶金、礦山、煤炭、電力、石油化工、食品、城建、環保和河道港口疏浚、填海造田等國民經濟各個部門。
  固體物料的管道水力輸送技術歷史較久，而長距高管道輸送技術于20世紀50年代迅速發展起來。由于這種輸送方式具有效率高、占地少、成本低、無污染等優點而越來越被人們所重視。美國、巴西、日本、前蘇聯、南非、加拿大等國家相繼建成了多條固體物料水力輸送管道。據文獻[92]介紹，從20世紀50年代到80年代初投入運行的漿體輸送管道已有28條，最長達440km,美國黑梅薩輸煤管線。據報道，美國計劃于1979年投產的懷俄明一阿肯色輸煤管道長達1670km,年輸煤量2500萬t。另有報道，美國ETST能源系統公司輸煤管線長達2500km,年輸煤量為370萬t,原計劃于1985年完成。1980年，蘇聯對庫茲巴斯輸煤管線進行可行性分析，管線長2500km,年輸煤量2500萬t。

漿體輸送濃度，從20世紀50年代的Cw =40%~60%發展到80年代初的C.=60% ~70%。
  由于普道輸送技術的發展，對于固體物料管道水力輸送必不可少的關鍵設備一各類固液泵的需求則日益增加。
  據不完全統計，目前國外專門從事固液泵生產的公司就有300多家。其中許多廠家如澳大利亞沃曼(Warman) 國際設備公司，美國古爾茲(Goulds) 泵公司、沃辛頓(Worthngton)泵公司，荷蘭石爾蘇斯(Holthus) 公司，德國威斯(Wirth) 公司和KSB公司等廠家生產的各類固液泵產品設計先進，結構合理，效率高，壽命長，廣泛地應用于各種物料的輸送工程中，在世界上享有較高的信譽。
  目前，各工業等部門主要應用四大類固液泵產品——離心泵、往復泵、隔膜泵和渣漿泵。在這四大類固液泵產品中，離心泵占絕大多數(約占泵總用量的80%左右)。離心泵總投資費用和制造成本低，拆裝方便，且有向長距離管道應用的趨勢。近年來，往復泵如柱塞泥漿泵、瑪爾斯泵、活塞隔膜泵、油或水隔離泥漿泵等得到了發展，引起人們的關注，該類型泵的總投資費用相當于離心泵的2~5倍，但維護運行費用低廉，適用于長距離管道輸送高濃度磨蝕性漿體如精礦和尾礦等。

  隨著國民經濟的發展，對固液泵的需求日益增加，對品種規格性能范圍的要求亦日益廣泛。同時，在渣漿泵理論研究、產品開發、生產制造和產品質量水平等方面都有了長足的進步和較大的發展。就離心式渣漿泵產品本身而言，正向著高揚程、大流量、高效率、長壽命、品種多、性能廣、三化程度高和合理使用方面發展。

Development Trend and General Design of Slurry Pump Products

(1) Overview

Slurry pump is widely used in metallurgy, mining, coal, power, petrochemical industry, food, urban construction, environmental protection, River port dredging, reclamation and other sectors of the national economy.

Pipeline hydraulic transportation technology of solid materials has a long history, and long-distance high-level pipeline transportation technology developed rapidly in the 1950s. Because of the advantages of high efficiency, less land occupation, low cost and no pollution, this kind of transportation method has been paid more and more attention. The United States, Brazil, Japan, the former Soviet Union, South Africa, Canada and other countries have built a number of solid material hydraulic transmission pipelines. According to document [92], 28 slurry pipelines, up to 440 km, have been put into operation from 1950s to early 1980s. Black Mesa coal pipeline, USA. It is reported that the Wyoming-Arkansas coal pipeline, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 1979 in the United States, has a length of 1670 km and an annual coal transportation capacity of 25 million tons. It is also reported that ETST Energy Systems Company of the United States has a coal pipeline of 2,500 km with an annual coal transportation capacity of 3.7 million tons, which was originally planned to be completed in 1985. In 1980, the Soviet Union carried out a feasibility analysis of the Kuzbas coal pipeline with a length of 2500 km and an annual coal transportation volume of 25 million tons.

The concentration of slurry transportation increased from 40%~60% Cw in 1950s to 60%~70% in early 1980s.

With the development of general conveying technology, the demand for all kinds of solid-liquid pumps, which are the essential key equipment for the hydraulic conveying of solid materials in pipelines, is increasing day by day.

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 300 foreign companies specializing in the production of solid-liquid pumps. Many of them, such as Warman International Equipment Company of Australia, Goulds Pump Company of the United States, Worthngton Pump Company of the United States, Holthus Company of the Netherlands, Wirth Company of Germany and KSB Company, have advanced solid-liquid pump products with reasonable structure, high efficiency and long life. Long life, widely used in all kinds of materials transportation projects, enjoy a high reputation in the world.

At present, four kinds of solid-liquid pump products are mainly used in various industries, such as centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps and screw rods.

Pump. In these four types of solid-liquid pump products, centrifugal pumps account for the vast majority (about 80% of the total pump consumption). Centrifugal pumps have the advantages of low total investment cost and manufacturing cost, convenient disassembly and assembly, and tend to be used in long distance pipelines. Reciprocating pumps, such as plunger mud pumps, Mars pumps, piston diaphragm pumps, oil or water isolation mud pumps, have been developed in recent years, which have attracted people's attention. The total investment cost of this type of pumps is 2-5 times that of centrifugal pumps, but the maintenance and operation cost is low. It is suitable for long-distance pipeline transportation of high-concentration abrasive slurry such as concentrate. And tailings, etc.

With the development of national economy, the demand for solid-liquid pumps is increasing day by day, and the requirement for variety specifications and performance range is also increasingly widespread. At the same time, great progress has been made in theoretical research, product development, manufacturing and product quality level of slurry pump. As far as the products of centrifugal slurry pump are concerned, they are developing towards high lift, large flow rate, high efficiency, long service life, many varieties, wide performance, high degree of trimerization and rational use.