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渣漿泵的工作原理與基本構造

在水力學中我們知道，當一個敞口圓筒繞中心軸作等角速旋轉時，圓筒內的水面便呈拋物線上升的旋轉凹面，如圖2-1所示。圓筒半徑越大，轉得越快時，液體沿圓簡壁上升的高度就越大。離心泵就是基于這一- 原理來工作的(圖2-1)，所不同的是離心泵的葉輪、泵殼都是經過專門的水力計算和設計來完成的。

圖2-2所示為給水排水工程中常用的單級單吸式離心泵的基本構造。泵包括蝸殼形的泵殼1和裝于泵軸2上旋轉的葉輪3。蝸殼形泵殼的吸水口與泵的吸水管4相連，出水口與泵的壓水管5相連接。泵的葉輪一般是由兩個圓形蓋板所組成，蓋板之間有若干片彎曲的葉片，葉片之間的槽道為過水的葉槽，如圖2-3所示，葉輪的前蓋板上有一個大圓孔，這就是葉輪的進水口，它裝在泵殼的吸水口內，與泵吸水管路相連通。S離心泵在啟動之前，應先用水灌滿泵殼和吸水管道，然后，驅動電機，使葉輪和水作高速旋轉運動，此時，水受到離心力作用被甩出葉輪，經蝸形泵殼中的流道而流人泵的壓水管道，由壓水管道而輸人管網中去。在這同時，泵葉輪中心處由于水被甩出而形成真空，吸水池中的水便在大氣壓力作用下，沿吸水管而源源不斷地流人葉輪吸水口，又受到高速轉動葉輪的作用，被甩出葉輪而輸人壓水管道。這樣，就形成了離心泵的連續輸水。

Working principle and basic structure of slurry pump

In hydraulics, we know that when an open cylinder rotates at constant angular speed around the central axis, the water surface in the cylinder will be a parabola rising rotating concave, as shown in Figure 2-1. The larger the radius of the cylinder and the faster it rotates, the higher the height at which the liquid rises along the circular wall. The centrifugal pump operates based on this principle (Figure 2-1), but the difference is that the impeller and pump casing of the centrifugal pump are completed through specialized hydraulic calculations and design.

Figure 2-2 shows the basic structure of a single stage single suction centrifugal pump commonly used in water supply and drainage engineering. The pump includes a volute shaped pump casing 1 and an impeller 3 rotating on the pump shaft 2. The suction port of the volute shaped pump casing is connected to the suction pipe 4 of the pump, and the outlet is connected to the pressure pipe 5 of the pump. The impeller of a pump is generally composed of two circular cover plates, with several curved blades between the cover plates. The grooves between the blades are grooves for passing water, as shown in Figure 2-3. There is a large circular hole on the front cover plate of the impeller, which is the water inlet of the impeller. It is installed in the water inlet of the pump casing and connected to the pump suction pipeline. Before starting the S centrifugal pump, the pump casing and suction pipeline should be filled with water first. Then, the motor is driven to make the impeller and water rotate at high speed. At this time, the water is thrown out of the impeller by centrifugal force, and flows through the flow channel in the volute pump casing into the pump's pressurized water pipeline, which is then transported into the pipeline network. At the same time, a vacuum is formed at the center of the pump impeller due to the water being thrown out. The water in the suction pool flows continuously along the suction pipe under atmospheric pressure into the impeller suction port, and is then thrown out of the impeller by high-speed rotation of the impeller and transported to the water pressure pipeline. In this way, a continuous delivery of water by a centrifugal pump is formed.